Trent School of Environment
Bachelor of Science Program in Climate Change Science and Policy
- In addition to the program requirements listed below, students must satisfy the University degree requirements
- Fourteen science credits, including 1.0 Mathematics credit are required for the Honours degree
- A 4U Chemistry or equivalent is a prerequisite for CLIM 1050H
The single-major Honours program. 20.0 credits including the following 13.5 credits:
- 3.0 CLIM credits consisting of CLIM 1050H, 2050H, 3005H, 4001H, 4002H and 4003H
- 3.0 GEOG credits consisting of GEOG 1040H, 2180H, 2460H, 2530H, 3410H, and 3440H
- 2.0 ERST credits consisting of ERST 2100H, 3250H, 3502H, and 4140H
- 1.5 ERSC credits consisting of ERSC 1010H, and 2220H, and 2300H
- 1.0 ECON credits consisting of ECON 1010H, and ECON 3810H
- 1.0 MATH credits consisting of MATH 1005H and 1051H
- 0.5 BIOL credits consisting of BIOL 1020H
- 0.5 CHEM credits consisting of CHEM 2620H
- 0.5 PHYS credits consisting of PHYS 1000H
- 0.5 INDG credits from the approved list of ICR courses
Please consult the academic timetable for information on course offerings
Year 1 (4.0 required plus 1.0 electives)
- CLIM-ERSC 1050H: Introduction to Climate Change Science & Policy (Sc)
- BIOL 1020H: Foundations of Biodiversity (Sc)
- ECON 1010H: Introductory Microeconomics (Sc)
- ERSC 1010H: Environmental Science and Sutainability (Sc)
- GEOG 1040H: Earths Physical Processes and Environments (Sc)
- MATH 1005H: Applied Calculus (Sc)
- MATH 1051H: Non-Calculus Statistics I: Elementary Probability and Statistics (Sc)
- PHYS 1000H: Foundations of Physics (Sc)
Recommended electives: IESS 1001H: Foundations in Indigenous Environmental Studies and Science (ICR), MATH 1110H: Calculus I: Limits, Derivatives, and Integrals (Sc), MATH 1120H: Calculus II: Integrals and Series (Sc), MATH 1550H: Probability 1: Introduction to Probability
Year 2 (4.0 required plus 1.0 electives)
- CLIM-GEOG 2050H: Climate Data and Analytics (Sc)
- CHEM 2620H: Environmental Chemistry (Sc)
- ERST-POST 2100H: Environmental Science and Politics
- ERSC 2220H: Environmental Assessment: Chemical and Laboratory Methods (Sc)
- ERSC 2300H: Energy Science and Technology (Sc)
- GEOG-ERSC 2180H: Apocalypse Now (Sc)
- GEOG 2460H: The Global Climate System (Sc)
- GEOG-ERSC 2530H: Water Resources (Sc)
Recommended electives: BIOL-ERSC 2260H: Introductory Ecology (Sc), ERSC 2230H: Environmental Assessment: Sampling and Analysis (Sc), ERSC 2240H: Ecological Assessment for Natural Science Management (Sc), ERST-CAST 2525H: Critical Environmental Thinking: Political Economy and Policy Process, GEOG-BIOL-ERSC 2080H: Natural Science Statistics (Sc), GEOG-ERSC 2090H: Introduction to Geographical Information Systems (Sc)
Year 3 (3.0 required plus 2.0 electives)
- CLIM-ECON 3005H: Climate and Energy Economics (Sc)
- ECON-ERSC 3810H: Environmental Economics (Sc)
- ERST 3250H: Introduction to Environmental Law
- ERST 3502H: Climate and Environment Communications
- GEOG 3410H Climate Change: The Physical Basis (Sc)
- GEOG 3440H: Microclimatology (Sc)
Recommended electives: ANTH-ERSC-GEOG 3185H: The Archaeology of Climate Change (Sc), ERST-POST-CAST 3120H: Canadian Environmental Policy, ERSC 3551H: Pollution Ecology (Sc), ERST-IDST-POST 3603H: Environmental Justice, ERSC-PSYC 3710H: Environmental Health (Sc), ERST-CAST 3780H: Canadian Renewable Resource Economics and Project Planning, ERSC/ERST-GEOG-SAFS-CLIM 3890H: Placement Course (Sc depending upon topic), PHYS-BIOL 3510H: Astrobiology: Life in the Universe (Sc), POST-ERST 3030H: Green Politics, POST 3605H: Policy Analysis: Methods and Application
Year 4 (2.0 required plus 3.0 electives)
- CLIM 4001H: Applied Climate Modelling (Sc)
- CLIM-ECON 4002H: Carbon Accounting and Finance (Sc)
- CLIM 4003H: Low Carbon Technology (Sc)
- ERST-GEOG 4140H: Climate and Energy Policy
Recommended electives: ERSC/ERST 4010Y/4020D: Honours Thesis (Sc depending upon topic), ERST 4250H: Environmental Law and Regulation, ERST-IDST-POST-SAFS 4610H: Global Environmental Policy, ERSC/ERST 4830Y, 4840H: Community Based Research Project (Sc depending upon topic), IDST-ERST 4150Y: Post-Carbon Development and Radical Hope, POST 4081H: Canadian Politics and Public Policy
Courses
Year 1 (4.0 required)
CLIM- ERSC 1050H Introduction to Climatic Change Science and Policy (Sc)
Examines the scientific foundation of climate change including the evidence for past and future changes to the climate and the biophysical and social impacts from climate change. Climate solutions and advocacy are explored. By bringing together science, impacts, technologies and politics, the complexity of climate change is introduced. Excludes ERSC 4350H
BIOL 1020H: Foundations of Biodiversity (Sc)
An examination of the biological principles underlying questions concerning biodiversity and evolution. Begins with a discussion of biodiversity and the implications of its loss. This is followed by consideration of the evolution of life on earth, exploring the underlying processes of natural selection and ecological interactions. Prerequisite: 4U Biology or its equivalent
ECON 1010H: Introductory Microeconomics (Sc)
An introductory treatment of markets, prices, and outputs based on the behaviour of consumers, business firms, and the structure and organization of industries. Selected economic and social policies, including taxation, international markets, and trade policy, are also examined
ERSC 1010H: Environmental Science and Sustainability (Sc)
An interdisciplinary inquiry into the biophysical and social foundations that enable the study of environmental issues, emphasizing the scientific, political, social, economic, and historical dimensions of environmental issues. These dimensions are examined through a series of issues including climate change, air pollution, land and resource use, biodiversity and protected areas, contaminants, and water quality and quantity
GEOG 1040H: Earth’s Physical Processes and Environments (Sc)
An examination of the atmospheric, tectonic, and geomorphic forces that shape Earth’s physical environments. Issues addressed include soil conservation, groundwater resources, and climate change. Field work. Prerequisite for all science courses in Geography
MATH 1005H: Applied Calculus (Sc)
An introduction to the methods and applications of calculus. Derivatives, exponential and logarithmic functions, optimization problems, related rates, integration, partial derivatives, differential equations. Selected applications from the natural and social sciences. Prerequisite: A Grade 12U mathematics course or its equivalent. Not open to students enrolled in or with credit for MATH 1110H or 1120H. Not for credit toward a major or minor in Mathematics
MATH 1051H: Non-Calculus Statistics I: Elementary Probability and Statistics (Sc)
Data summary, elementary probability, discrete and continuous distributions, the central limit theorem, estimation and hypotheses testing. This course uses high school mathematics as a foundation and involves the use of computer software. Not open to students enrolled in or with credit for MATH 2560H. Not for credit toward a major or minor in Mathematics. Excludes MATH 1050Y
PHYS 1000H: Foundations of Physics (Sc)
A traditional introduction to mechanics for students without high school physics experience. Designed for students seeking to strengthen their physics background in preparation for PHYS 1001H, or those who do not currently intend to pursue further studies in physics. Topics include kinematics (description of motion) and dynamics (causes of motion/forces/Newton’s laws) in one and two dimensions. Concepts are extended to rotational motion, work and energy, momentum, and conservation laws. Time is taken to develop related mathematical skills. Not open to students enrolled in or with credit for PHYS 1001H or 1002H. Not for credit toward a major or minor in Physics
Year 2 (4.0 required)
CLIM-GEOG 2050H: Climate Data and Analytics (Sc)
An introduction to the practices and concepts of data analytics applied to climate science and policy. Students will learn about different types of climate data, approaches for gathering and organizing data, and tools for data analysis. Approaches for effectively presenting and communicating data will be covered. Prerequisite: 4.0 university credits including; CLIM-ERSC 1050H, GEOG 1040H, MATH 1005H and MATH 1051H
CHEM-ERSC 2620H: Environmental Chemistry (Sc)
An introduction to environmental chemical processes and the impacts of humankind’s activities on the natural environment, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and terrestrial compartment. Examples of topics are ozone synthesis/destruction, the chemistry of global climate, aquatic chemistry, water pollution, water treatment chemistry, soil formation, and chemistry of solid waste. Prerequisite: CHEM 1000H and 1010H or ERSC 2220H
ERST-POST 2100H: Environmental Science and Politics
The roles of science in current environmental controversies. Topics examine science and environmental ethics, the application of science to natural resource management, the contribution of science to action on international environmental problems such as climate change, and the role of science in making decisions about environmental risks. Prerequisite: 1.0 ERSC or POST credit at the 1000 level
ERSC 2220H: Environmental Assessment: Chemical and Laboratory Methods (Sc)
Theory and methods for assessing the impacts of contaminants and related stressors in the environment. Emphasized are environmental chemistry and the nature, mobility, and potential impacts of pollutants. Students who have taken CHEM 1000H and 1010H and achieved an average combined grade of at least 70% are exempt from the requirement to take ERSC 2220H. Prerequisite: ERSC 1010H and 1020H or CLIM-ERSC 1050H
ERSC 2300H: Energy Science and Technology (Sc)
A discussion of the scientific principles of energy and thermodynamics, and the current and future prospects for energy production, conversion, storage, and transmission. Prerequisite: ERSC 1010H and ERSC 1020H or CLIM-ERSC 1050H
GEOG 2460H: The Global Climate System (Sc)
A study of the physical elements of the global climate system. Deals with global and synoptic climatic processes including the structure of the atmosphere, radiation, atmospheric dynamics, general circulation, and the oceans. These concepts are applied to an introduction to the problem of climatic change and its prediction. Prerequisite: GEOG 1040H or both ERSC 1010H and 1020H or CLIM-ERSC 1050H
GEOG-ERSC 2180H: Apocalypse Now (Sc)
An examination of the physical causes of a variety of extreme geophysical events, risk estimation and perception, and the societal approaches adopted to adjust to natural hazards. The course concentrates on climate-related natural hazards (e.g., hurricanes, droughts, floods), but also examines other geophysical events such as earthquakes. Prerequisite: ERSC 1010H or GEOG 1040H
GEOG-ERSC 2530H: Water Resources (Sc)
Uses case studies to examine the principles and processes that control the distribution and uses of water at global, continental and watershed scales. Prerequisite: GEOG 1040H and one GEOG 1030H or both ERSC 1010H and 1020H or CLIM-ERSC 1050H
Year 3 (3.0 required)
CLIM-ECON 3005H: Climate and Energy Economics (Sc)
Examines economic approaches in shaping climate policies. Students will learn about the challenges of applying conventional economic analysis to climate change, climate damage estimation and the social cost of carbon, mitigation costs, the application of economic instruments, the structure of energy markets, and methods for assessing low-carbon energy projects. Prerequisite: 9.0 university credits including CLIM-GEOG 2050H
ECON-ERSC 3810H: Environmental Economics (Sc)
Examines the links between economic activity and environmental degradation. Topics include the valuation of environmental amenities, the use of incentives in regulation, the economics and environmental effects of market failure, and the rationale for government intervention. Prerequisite: 60% or higher in ECON 1010H and any of ECON 1020H or MATH 1005H or MATH 1051H or permission of instructor
ERST 3250H: Introduction to Environmental Law
A comprehensive overview of environmental law in Canada, examining the key environmental laws and policies at the provincial, federal, and international levels. Prerequisite: 9.0 university credits including ERSC 1010H and 1020H or CLIM-ERSC 1050H
ERST 3502H: Climate and Environmental Communications
This course brings students into current debates and evolving techniques of communicating climate and environmental science to a variety of social groups and cultural contexts. Students learn best practices and complete projects in rhetoric, data visualization, and journalistic reporting on both the physical and social sciences. No prior scientific background is required. Prerequisite: 9.0 university credits including ERSC 1010H and 1020H or CLIM-ERSC 1050H
GEOG 3410H: Climate Change: The Physical Basis (Sc)
Mechanisms and patterns of changes in weather and climate, both natural and anthropogenic. An understanding of the principles of general circulation, global and local energy balance models, and basic meteorological processes is assumed. Prerequisite: GEOG 2460H or 3440H
GEOG 3440H: Microclimatology (Sc)
Focuses on the physical mechanisms of flows of energy and mass between the earth surface and the atmosphere. A discussion of the principles of energy exchange is followed by their application to near surface environments. Prerequisite: GEOG-BIOL-ERSC 2080H or CLIM-GEOG 2050H and one of GEOG 2460H or 2540H. Excludes GEOG 2440H
Year 4 (2.0 required)
CLIM-ERSC-GEOG 4001H: Applied Climate Models (Sc)
Examines how models are used to assess the risk, impacts and mitigation of climate change. Quantitative models to assess future climate scenarios are introduced. The course will focus on the application of climate models of varying complexity, their limitations, and uncertainties under a variety of emission scenarios. Prerequisite: 10.0 university credits including CLIM-GEOG 2050H, CLIM-ECON 3005H and GEOG 3410H
CLIM-ECON-ERSC 4002H: Carbon Accounting and Management (Sc)
Examines the measurement, monitoring and verification of greenhouse gases in sectors such as forestry, energy, buildings, agriculture, transportation, banking, and government. Exercises using inventory tools and techniques will be applied to national inventories, orgranizational inventories, carbon offsetting protocols, cap-and-trade programs, environmental product declarations, and carbon tax programs. Prerequisite: 10.0 university credits including ERSC 2300H and CLIM-ECON 3005H
CLIM-ERSC 4003H: Low Carbon Technologies (Sc)
Examines a range of innovative technologies that may enable a low-carbon transition, including renewable energy, conservation, electrification, energy storage, nuclear energy, carbon capture and storage, and negative emissions technologies. Students will learn to assess the merits and drawbacks of these technologies using a range of environmental, economic and socio-technical techniques. Prerequisite: 9.0 university credits including ERSC 2300H
ERST-GEOG 4140H: Climate and Energy Policy
An interdisciplinary inquiry into social, political, institutional, and technical change as it relates to climate and energy policy. Themes for inquiry include policy and technology innovation and low-carbon energy transitions. Efforts are made to translate theory into practical action and intervention through community-based study. Prerequisite: One of GEOG 2460H, ERSC 2300H, ERST 2100H, 3120H, or 3250H. Excludes ERST 3130H, 4130H
Recommended Electives
Year 1 (1.0 Required)
IESS 1001H: Foundations in Indigenous Environmental Studies and Science (ICR)
Introduces students to the foundational approaches, philosophies, values and methods used in Indigenous Environmental Studies. Teaching methods include lectures, written resource materials, classroom discussions, and experiential learning
MATH 1110H: Calculus I: Limits, Derivatives, and Integrals (Sc)
Limits, differentiation, and integration through the basic substitution rule, with applications to other areas of mathematics and the physical and social sciences. Prerequisite: Grade 12 Advanced Functions or equivalent with at least 60%. Strongly recommended: Grade 12U Calculus and Vectors
MATH 1120H: Calculus II: Integrals and Series (Sc)
Techniques and applications of integration, sequences, series, and power series, with applications to other areas of mathematics and the physical and social sciences. Prerequisite: MATH 1110H. Excludes MATH 1100Y, 1101Y
MATH 1550H: Probability I: Introduction to Probability (Sc)
Probability, random variables, probability distributions. Does not count as the Introductory Statistics course required for admission to some professional schools. Prerequisite: MATH 1005H or 1110H or permission of instructor
Year 2 (1.0 Required)
BIOL-ERSC 2260H: Introductory Ecology (Sc)
An examination of the interactions between organisms and their environment at the levels of the population, community, and ecosystem. Covers basic concepts, theories, and methods used in ecology and the application of these to ecological and environmental problems. Prerequisite: 60% or higher in BIOL 1020H
ERSC 2230H: Environmental Assessment: Sampling and Analysis (Sc)
Theory and application of sampling design, data analysis, and monitoring for environmental assessment of effluent impacts, particularly of industry, municipalities, and agriculture. Prerequisite: ERSC 2220H or both CHEM 1000H and 1010H. Excludes ERSC 2210H
ERSC 2240H: Ecological Assessment for Natural Resource Management (Sc)
Field survey design, techniques, and theory for the assessment of natural resources, including consideration of watershed and local scales, biotic indices, soils, hydrology, and policy/legal issues. Prerequisite: ERSC 1010H and either ERSC 1020H or GEOG 1040H
ERST-CAST 2525H: Critical Environmental Thinking: Political Economy and Policy Process
The context of market theory and ecological/resource economics is used to provide environmental students with experience in critical thinking. Objectives are to understand the framework of political economy, particularly Canadian, that informs contemporary political and economic practice, and to master basic elements of critical research and writing. Prerequisite: ERSC 1010H and 1020H or CLIM-ERSC 1050H; or 1.0 PHIL credit; or POST 1001H and 1002H
GEOG-BIOL-ERSC 2080H: Natural Science Statistics (Sc)
Covers commonly-used statistical tools in Biology, Geography, and Environmental & Resource Science. Lectures address basic statistical methods and background theory. Workshops involve computer-based assignments providing practical experience in statistical application. Prerequisite: One of GEOG 1030H or 1040H or 1050H; or both ERSC 1010H and 1020H or CLIM-ERSC 1050H; or both BIOL 1020H and 1030H; or BIOM 1000H
GEOG-ERSC 2090H: Introduction to Geographical Information Systems (Sc)
Introduces the fundamentals of GIS technology and applications. The essentials of GIS structural components, spatial data models, and the analytical GIS operations on such data models are examined in detail. Experience with GIS analysis is gained through laboratory exercises. Prerequisite: One of GEOG 1030H or 1040H or 1050H; or both ERSC 1010H and 1020H or CLIM-ERSC 1050H; or both BIOL 1020H and 1030H. Elementary or intermediate-level experience with microcomputers and their operating systems is desirable
Year 3 (2.0 Required)
ANTH-ERSC-GEOG 3185H: The Archaeology of Climate Change (Sc)
Lectures and readings examine the science of climate change, outline how climate change influenced cultural development in the past, and assess how human perceptions of the environment conditioned the varying responses to climate change. Seminars focus on key methodological and/or theoretical issues, and specific case studies from the archaeological record. Prerequisite: 10.0 university credits or permission of instructor
ERST-POST-CAST 3120H: Canadian Environmental Policy
An interdisciplinary inquiry into how environmental policies in Canada are developed, implemented, and improved, applying political, economic, legal, scientific, Indigenous, and moral perspectives. Focus is on federal, provincial, and municipal contexts, recognizing that the environment does not respect jurisdictions. Topics include energy and materials use, biodiversity, toxic substances, waste management, and land use. Prerequisite: 1.0 ERST, CAST, POST, or ADMN credit at the 2000 level or beyond
ERSC 3551H: Pollution Ecology (Sc)
The ecological and human health effects of environmental contaminants are examined as they relate to water, air, and soil pollution. Emphasis is on science, but social issues are also addressed. Knowledge of biology and chemistry is useful. Prerequisite: One of ERSC 2230H, 2240H, or ERSC-BIOL 2260H. Excludes ERSC 3550Y, 3570H, 3580H
ERSC-PSYC 3710H: Environmental Health (Sc)
Examines environmental risk factors that affect human health and well-being, including diet and lifestyle, water and food security, exposure to chemicals, climate change, and the relationship between human and environmental health. Some principles of epidemiology are covered. Current topics in environmental health are examined in tutorial sessions. Prerequisite: ERSC 1010H and 1020H or CLIM 1050H; and one of ERSC 2230H or ERSC-INDG 2150H or ERST-INDG 2601Y or ERSC-BIOL 2701H
ERST-CAST 3780H: Canadian Renewable Resource Economics and Project Planning
Introduces students to the economic theory of renewable resources in the Canadian social, political, and regulatory context, and also to professional project planning and management. Students are introduced to project components such as scoping, scheduling, budgeting, communications, team and risk management, and environmental sustainability. Prerequisite: 1.0 ERST or CAST credit at the 2000 level or beyond
ERSC/ERST-GEOG-SAFS-CLIM 3890H: Placement Course (Sc depending upon topic)
A placement experience with a government agency, industry, or non-governmental agency, or related laboratory or work unit, on themes and principles learned during coursework associated with the Environmental & Resource Science/Studies, Geography, or Sustainable Agriculture & Food Systems and Climate Change Science & Policy programs in the School of the Environment. Students work closely with the instructor and placement host to determine deliverables that will be presented to various stakeholders as technical report(s) and/or presentation(s). Prerequisite: A minimum cumulative average of 75% and 9.0 university credits including both ERSC 1010H and 1020H or CLIM-ERSC 1050H, or both GEOG 1030H and 1040H, or both SAFS 1001H and 1002H
ERST-IDST-POST 3603H: Environmental Justice
Examines the dimensions and implications of the unequal global distribution of environmental benefits and harms, including its relation to colonial and post-colonial economic exploitation, and responses by scholars and activists. A range of cases are considered, including resource extraction, toxic materials, and climate change. Prerequisite: IDST 2000Y or ERST-POST 2100H or ERST-CAST 2520H or POST 2200Y
PHYS-BIOL 3510H: Astrobiology: Life in the Universe (Sc)
An examination of the prospects for extraterrestrial life, based primarily on material from astronomy, biology, and planetary science. Topics include the origin and evolution of life on Earth, extremophiles, the habitability of Mars and Jovian moons, the nature and habitability of exoplanets, SETI, the Drake equation, and the Fermi paradox. Prerequisite: 5.0 university credits including two of BIOL 1020H, BIOL 1030H, CLIM 1050H, BIOM 1000H, PHYS 1510H, and PHYS 1520H. Not for credit toward a major or minor in Physics
POST-ERST 3030H: Green Politics
Changes and tensions in green politics from the environmentalism of the 1960s to the advent of “many environmentalisms.” What does it mean to be “green,” what kind of political stance do green concerns call for, and indeed, what does green politics say about the very meaning of “politics”? Prerequisite: 1.0 POST or ERST credit or permission of instructor
POST 3605H: Policy Analysis: Methods and Application
Introduces students to the theory and practice of public policy analysis. Examines key aspects of the policy process: defining problems, choosing policy instruments, weighing alternatives, communicating policy, and monitoring and evaluating performance. Special attention is devoted to the use of statistics and quantitative methods in policy analysis. Prerequisite: 7.0 university credits including 1.0 POST credit at the 2000 level, or permission of instructor
Year 4 (3.0 Required)
ERSC/ERST 4010Y/4020D: Honours Thesis (Sc depending upon topic)
Design, implementation, and dissemination of a major research project in environmental science or studies featuring independent work under the supervision of a faculty supervisor. ERSC/ERST 4020D is a double credit in ERSC/ERST. ERSC/ERST 4010Y is a single credit because the same thesis is submitted to the other program in a joint-major. Prerequisite: 14.0 university credits and a minimum cumulative average of 75%. Students must find a faculty member who is agreeable to supervise their project. Applications are available from the TSE office, and should be submitted in the academic year before enrolment in the course
ERST 4250H: Environmental Law and Regulation
Provides students with a practical and detailed examination of the enactment, enforcement, and limitations of environmental law and policy. The course emphasizes Ontario’s environmental regime and focuses on a recent case study. Prerequisite: 10.0 university credits including ERST 3250H or permission of instructor
ERST-IDST-POST-SAFS 4610H: Global Environmental Policy
Focuses on perspectives, actors, institutions, and economic relationships as they relate to global environmental policy and instruments. The aim is to provide students with a solid understanding of linkages between the global political system and the natural environment. Prerequisite: 10.0 university credits. Recommended: One of ERST-IDST-POST 3602H or 3603H or POST 2200Y
ERSC/ERST 4830Y, 4840H: Community-Based Research Project (Sc depending upon topic)
Students are placed in research projects with community organizations in the Peterborough or Haliburton area. Each placement is supervised jointly by a faculty member and a representative of a community organization. For details see Community-Based Research Program (p. 432). Prerequisite: 14.0 university credits and a minimum cumulative average of 75%
IDST-ERST 4150Y: Post-Carbon Development and Radical Hope
This course focuses on the history of the relationship between fossil capitalism and development and probes the dominant frames through which the current environmental crises are understood, and the movements creating solutions to the status quo. It invites students to work cooperatively and independently in small groups to identify alternatives. Prerequisite: 14.0 university credits including 2.0 IDST credits or 2.0 ERSC/T/CLIM courses or permission of the instructor
POST 4081H: Canadian Politics and Public Policy
Explores Canadian process of developing public policy. Examines key institutions and actors in Canadian politics, including the public policy roles of the prime minister, cabinet, the opposition, political parties, the bureaucracy, business, the mass media, social movements, and the public. Prerequisite: 12.0 university credits including 1.0 POST credit that includes at least one of POST-CAST 2011H or 2012H; or permission of instructor
Option in Climate Communication (Durham-GTA Campus)
https://www.trentu.ca/climatechange/option-climate-communication
