How to Create a Bibliography

Chicago Style

At the end of a paper, you need to include a Bibliography that lists all of the sources to which you referred in writing your paper.

1. The title “Bibliography” is centered and placed one inch from the top of the page.
    
2. Sources are listed in alphabetical order by the author’s last name.
    
3. List multiple works by the same author in alphabetical order by the title of the work.
    
4. Each source is listed along with its full publication information.
    
5. Each entry is formatted with a hanging indent. The first line of this citation is left justified and subsequent lines are indented five spaces. How do I create a hanging indent
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6. The Chicago Manual of Style recommends that you double space all entries to maintain consistency with the manuscript. However, this is not a convention followed by all academics; please follow the directions of your course instructor.

Notice the similarities and differences between footnotes and bibliographic entries:

1. In footnotes, information is separated by commas, while in the bibliography it is separated by periods.
    
2. In footnotes, the author's first name is listed first, while in the bibliography the author's last name is listed first.
    
3. The titles of books and journals are put in italics.
    
4. The titles of articles are put in quotation marks.
    
5. All key words in titles are capitalized.

The information you include in a bibliographic entry varies based on the type of source you cite; navigate to the following pages to learn more:

• Periodicals
• Books
• Sections of Books
• Electronic Sources/Digital Media
• Other Sources