- Page or document found on a website
- Entire website
- Digital file (e.g. PDF)
- Digital file posted on Blackboard or Other Learning System
- Tweet
- Instagram Post
- Comment on online article, blog posting, or website
- Podcast
- Youtube Video/Clip
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) Generator (like OpenAI ChatGPT)
Page or a Document Found on a Website
In-Text Citation
Examples:
The Modern Language Association offers a practices template for works cited entries. . .
... works cited entries (Modern Language Association).
Works Cited
If the publisher is the same as the Website’s name, only list it once.
Example:
Modern Language Association of America. "Works Cited: A Quick Guide." The MLA Style Center: Writing Resources from the Modern Language Association, 2016, style.mla.org/works-cited-a-quick-guide/.
Notice:
- Author names of people are listed surname first (Khan, Michael). Author names of agencies do not change (Academic Skills, Trent University).
- You may choose to include an access date if the website maybe changed or updated.
Entire Website
In-Text Citation
The Hypertext Pratt makes available. . .
Works Cited
The Hypertext Pratt. E.J. Pratt Publications Project, 2016, www.trentu.ca/faculty/pratt/. Accessed 25 Oct. 2016.
Notice:
- Author names of people are listed surname first (Khan, Michael). Author names of agencies do not change (Academic Skills, Trent University).
- You may choose to include an access date if the website maybe changed or updated.
A PDF or Other Digital File
In-Text Citation
Works Cited
Include the information you have depending on the file and publication
Rice, Carla. "Creating Community across Disability and Difference.” Canadian Women’s Studies/Les Cahiers de la Femme, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 187-193, cws.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/cws/article/viewFile/6199/5387. PDF download.
Notice:
- There are many other digital file types: a Microsoft Word file, JPEG file, MP3 file, etc.
- If you are not sure of the file type, put Digital file.
- Medium of publication/file type is in regular font, except for software programs: PDF file, but Microsoft Word file.
- You may choose to include an access date if the website maybe changed or updated.
Digital File posted on Blackboard or Other Learning System
In-Text Citation
Works Cited
"Structural Adjustment and Development Dilemmas 1980-1995." IDST 1001h, taught by Haroon Akram-Lodhi. Blackboard, Trent University, 2 Oct. 2016, https://trentu.blackboard.com/. PowerPoint file.
Notice:
- If you are citing a work that is linked from Blackboard to another site, your citation format will follow the original source.
- The “Version” can vary: it could be a Microsoft Word file, JPEG file, Podcast, etc.
Tweet
In-Text Citation
Works Cited
@TrentUASC. "Protect the Integrity of Online Quizzes and Exams When taking quizzes or tests online, it is important to ensure that you work independently, and that you do not have access to unauthorized aids." Twitter, 5 Apr 2022, https://twitter.com/TrentUASC/status/1511327798782218243
Notice:
Location can be a URL or name of the app used to access material.
Instagram Post
In-Text Citation
Works Cited
Notice:
Comment on a Website/Online Article/Blog Posting
In-Text Citation
Works Cited
AGraham. Comment on “Writing Website In-Text Citations and References.” APA Style, 5 Dec. 2016, blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2016/11/writing-website-in-text-citations-and-references.html#comments
Podcast
In-Text Citation
(“Helen Macdonald on H is for Hawk”)
Works Cited
"Title of Episode." Title of Program, from Name of Network/Sponsor, Day Month Year Broadcast, URL.
"Helen Macdonald on H is for Hawk." Bookclub, from BBC Radio, 2 Oct. 2016, www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p048pdr2.
Notice
- If podcast is organized by season and episode number, include this information after the title of the show.
Youtube Video/Clip
In-text Citation:
(“Martin Scorsese on Watching THE SEARCHERS for the First Time”).
This could be shortened in subsequent citations.
Works Cited
"Martin Scorsese on Watching THE SEARCHERS for the First Time.” Youtube, uploaded by American Film Institute, 13 Mar 2013, www.youtube.com/watch?v=SlWT8kTccHw.
Notice:
- You may add other optional information to your citation, depending on what the clip is. For example, if it is a television program or a film, or a clip from either, you may want to add performers, director, producer etc. This information would come before the title of the website, Youtube. See examples on how to cite television programs, films, sound recordings etc.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Generator (like OpenAI ChatGPT)
Currently, MLA does not recommend citing generative AI such as ChatGPT as an author. Therefore, use the prompt title to refer to any content gleaned from interactions with the generator. The MLA Style Center offers a helpful conversation about acknowledging generative AI in MLA style.
In-text citation
When prompted, ChatGPT replied that bees generally swarm to maintain the colony’s existence (“Why do bees”).
Works Cited List
“Why do bees swarm” prompt. ChatGPT, 13 Feb. version, OpenAI, 8 Mar. 2023, chat.openai.com/chat.