Classical Conditioning
Pavlov's Experiment
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Pavlov gave the dog food (US) and not surprisingly the dog salivated (UR).
Pavlov rang a bell (NS) and not surprisingly the dog did not salivate (UR).
Pavlov, while ringing a bell (CS) gave the dog food (US) and the dog once again salivated (CR)
When the bell was rang (CS), the dog salivated (CR) even though food was not present.